54000: program_limit_exceeded

What does it mean?

A PostgreSQL implementation/format limit was exceeded; for example the maximum size of a row or field, the index row size, or the limit on the number of parameters/columns in a query.

Why does it happen?

Trying to store a very large value (e.g. a field over 1 GB), an indexed value exceeding the B-tree page limit (about 2704 bytes), or using too many columns or query parameters.

How to fix it

Identify the limit that was exceeded (the message usually says what). Review or split the structure for very large text/data. Index long text columns with a hash index or an expression/partial index instead of a B-tree. Reduce the number of parameters/columns in the query or split the batch.